Print Advertisement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Print Advertisement - Assignment Example Individuals who watch the notice ought to perceive a solid sentiment of sentimentality of ‘simpler times’ and the ‘simple joy’ of grilling through direct correlation. One case of this would be a the picture of a family remaining around a BBQ with a dad at the barbecue watching harshly out towards the peruser using a strong book showing that home cooked is superior to a costly gourmet food (In this occurrence it is prudent to pick a food which is eminently elitist, for example, Foie Gras, or caviar). Target crowd: As the case numerous family financial plans are set by ladies and the commercials will be facilitated in Woman’s Day, Good Housekeeping, Family Circle, and Redbook (Predominantly female coordinated distributions) the intended interest group would be ladies, with families that are moderately economical. Ordinarily property holders, or leaseholders with access to a yard. The most significant message: You don’t need to go through a great deal of cash to make some great memories with your loved ones. As any individual who goes to bbq’s can let you know, the case occasions facilitated in the home can be so a lot (If not increasingly) fun than a night out at a costly eatery. From this point of view, the message can be accomplished through funniness.

Analysis of the Airline Industry Essay Example

Investigation of the Airline Industry Essay The aircraft business is known to be the quickest method of transportation all through the United States. Buyers are continually attempting to discover less expensive tolls, while carriers are continually breaking down consumer’s patterns to conclude how to charge admissions. Aircrafts extreme objective is to expand income. Here and there the expansion can prompt terrible help and antagonistic serious practices. The current day aircraft industry is ruled by bigger air bearers. This paper will examine why the aircraft business has formed into an oligopoly, how value wars verifiably influenced primary transporters, why numerous startup bearers fizzled, and the upsides of value setting, variety in seat evaluating and the benefits of crash of bigger carriers. History The main effective flight happened in 1903 with the Wright siblings in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This denoted the start of the aeronautics business. From the start plane travel was not mainstream. After the U. S. inclusion in World War 1, the carrier industry’s development deteriorated until 1927. At the point when Charles Lindberg effectively finished a performance trip over the Atlantic Ocean the business started to develop. An assortment of air transport holding organizations started to frame, including American Airways, presently know as American Airlines. In 1928, the Boeing Company and the United Aircraft and Transportation Corporation were created. The United Aircraft and Transportation Corporation converged to frame the United Airlines. A significant development of the business happened with the improvement of the mail transport framework by the United States Postal System. We will compose a custom paper test on Analysis of the Airline Industry explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Analysis of the Airline Industry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Analysis of the Airline Industry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Kelly Airmail Act of 1925, permitted private aircrafts to have the chance to work as mail bearers through serious offers. This extended the chances of conveying different types of freight, including travelers. In 1926, on account of the huge measure of air traffic, the Air Commerce Act was passed and it permitted Federal guidelines of air traffic rules to give security. There was not a great deal of help to take into consideration innovative work of airplanes and air space. It was not until the World War II, where enough help was created. Research gave an approach to airplanes to advance into a progressively modernized industry. There were as yet many air crashes, because of the way that there was an absence of an exact framework set up, which could screen the air traffic unequivocally. This defect took into account the establishing of the Federal Aviation System and this organization was charged to build up the airport regulation framework, to limit air crashes. In the years to follow, the quantity of travelers, and the expense of fuel expanded drastically. The Deregulation of 1978 brought the development of littler air transporters and mergers of the bigger bearers. This demonstration likewise denoted the start of the air business as it by and by stands today. The Airline Deregulation Act Of 1978 Over the previous 30 years, the aircraft business has explored away from the controlling over guideline techniques to basically no guideline by any means. In the 1980’s, the Airline Deregulation Act was marked into law. The objectives of the demonstration were: to keep security a need; expand dependence on rivalry in air transportation; maintain a strategic distance from industry focus, irrational expanded costs, lessen administration and prohibition of rivalry; and to support section of new air bearers. This demonstration added to the expulsion of government authority over admissions, courses, and market passage. The FAA despite everything had administrative controls over all parts of aircraft security, yet the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) forces of guideline were inevitably eliminated. The CAB directed all household interstate air transport course as an open utility. It set the aircraft charges; courses voyaged, and set timetables. Because of the demonstration charge costs were lower, traveler loads has risen, and airplanes can go on longer courses. Expenses had additionally fallen and rivalry had expanded drastically. Different clashes with trade guilds for some transporters, there were numerous carriers that failed or exchanged because of deregulation. Point-to-point transport had declined for the center and talked framework for some until the development of the ease carriers. Southwest and Air Tran still overwhelm the aircraft business to the current date. At the point when these carriers began to increase, they brought back the point to point administration and they added to the improvement of more extensive territory airplanes types that are better and versatile to different markets. Deregulation opened the open doors for new openings and new rivalry. Ticket costs were down a result of the new rivalry. Administration improved and the aircraft showcase extended. There were likewise negative viewpoints to the demonstration moreover. The demonstration offered approach to harsh value wars and added to a significant compensation disparity. Aircrafts started to reduce expenses to boost benefit, and that majorly affected the wages of workers. There were numerous cutbacks, retirement benefits were decreased, and new representatives were employed at lower compensation, all with expectations of boosting benefits. The Living Wage Act was built up to help those that were at the base of the â€Å"wage pool†. The living pay was, â€Å"a wage adequate to give the necessities and solaces fundamental to a satisfactory standard of living† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2010). Deregulation, opened the entryways for some chances, great and awful. Oligopolies, fire up disappointments, informal value setting, varieties in seat costs, and plots are for the most part results of deregulation. Aircraft Oligopoly The aircraft business has formed into an oligopoly with a few huge transporters and various littler bearers from various perspectives. The underlying reason for the oligopoly was that bigger the aircrafts would liken to more prominent proficiency, improved assistance and lower passages. A ton has to do with the deregulation demonstration that allowed this oligopoly to happen. An oligopoly happens when there are various significant providers and they act deliberately in the market dependent on the how different providers decide. In the carrier business this is demonstrated when one aircraft declares a charge increment to check whether different carriers would increment there passages. In the event that there isn't sufficient chomp to the snare, the principal aircraft at that point drops the admission climb. An oligopoly of the aircraft business causes a non serious state and less carriers. Predominant carriers realize that they would not need to go after courses since they are the main alternative, particularly in the center point and talked markets. Aircraft Industry Price Wars After the deregulation of the carrier business, rivalry among the aircrafts has gotten savage. In the controlled condition, a large portion of the cost increments were passed to buyers dependent on a fixed pace of come back from valuing plan. Trade guilds had more force in the managed condition. More up to date transporters had the option to contend with the set up bearers, until the solidification of the bigger aircrafts started. Rivalry has brought about lower air passages, visit pamphlet programs and has expanded assistance recurrence. Numerous carriers have left business because of the savage rivalry that can likewise be marked as value wars, particularly the more up to date aircrafts that were grown just after deregulation. A value war is the most serious type of rivalry in the commercial center, bringing about extraordinary misfortunes (Heil and Helsen, 2001). Shoppers are the main ones to profit by a value war in the carrier business. They may have the lower charges, however they may likewise be missing out on nature of administration. Truly, value wars have influenced the fundamental transporters by making them to bring down their charges to rival the littler bearers. It has likewise caused the oligopoly of the bigger bearers. Aircraft Startups Many startup transporters have bombed generally in view of the oligopoly that exists between the bigger bearers inside the carrier business, and the center and talked frameworks that are deliberately set up. After deregulation, the boundary to passage into the carrier business was brought down and made it feasible for new aircrafts to fire up. They had the option to effectively get financing; airplanes contracted shelter and support administrations, prepared new representatives and enrolled old staff that was laid off from different carriers. When ordinary strategic policies happened the new beginning up carriers thought that it was difficult to contend with the bigger aircrafts. The bigger aircrafts started value wars and offered extra seats to overwhelm their courses. Right now, the set up transporters make it extremely hard for another beginning up. The center point and talked program assumes a job in this. Since the FAA has given consent and confines the quantity of departures and arrivals during top hours, set up transporters won't surrender their openings for any new comer (Labich, 1989). New contestants are not invited into the aircraft business by bigger transporters. Bigger bearers regularly hold long haul provisions taking into account conditions that permit them to control the development of doors and other ground offices that may suit another beginning up carrier (Labich, 1989). There are numerous hindrances to another beginning up aircraft, also the way that numerous bigger carriers hold veto control over the new rivalry (Labich, 1989). Focal points Unofficial Price Setting The favorable position to informal value setting in the aircraft business is more income Airlines are slanted to dole out costs for their administrations and to augment their income gainfulness. The costs are dictated by using an automated framework that screen patterns, and t

How Many Liveblogs Can We Get Onto One Page!

How Many Liveblogs Can We Get Onto One Page! WRAP-UP! As a favor to everybody who worked on the puzzle remotely, Death from Above is doing a live webcast of the wrap-up events that happen today at Noon EST. Hope you can watch! http://dfa.mit.edu/stream/ ************************************************************************************* DONE. Hey guys, thanks a ton for helping. It was an intense push there towards the end. Im not sure if you could sense it from where you were, but it came right down to the wire. We were frantically solving puzzles as fast as we could and checking the blogs for answers from the prefrosh ether every 20 seconds. We tested almost every answer you guys suggested. Ill post answers to the puzzles you guys worked on and some to puzzles I wasnt able to show you. I hope you all had a good time, I know I did (even though Ive only gotten 3 hours of sleep since 9 AM on Friday (thats being awake 57 of the last 60 hours). For those of you who come here next year, you should definitely experience this hunt first hand, its a completely new kind of experience! Thanks again, more to come later! NEW PUZZLE! POUR ALL EFFORT INTO THIS: ************************************************************************************* Alien Species A little bird told us that the suspect was seen attending a sci-fi convention. Perhaps one of these other attendees knows something. Geez, what kind of elaborate get-ups are those? What Species Are These Star Trek Characters?! (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) ************************************************************************************* TIME TO HELP ON A PUZZLE!!! KEEP GOING! UPDATE: BENTO NATION and JAPAN were excellent guesses and we called both in. Unfortunately, both were wrong, and we are still working. KEEP GOING! Focus all of your efforts on Chimera. Youre officially our guerilla prefrosh army, show the other teams what youre made of! ********************************************************************************************************* Chimera Yee-haw! Time to round up those islands! We need as many ways to solve this thing as possible. Thanks! ********************************************************************************************************* Matt, Laura, and Bryan have all blogged about Mystery Hunt, I want to blog too! Im going on 42 hours with 1.5 hours of sleep, a lot of caffeine, and mind-splitting puzzles. Honestly, these are the most ridiculous things youve ever seen! Ill post some afterwards because were still competing, but theyre devious. The main reason for ANOTHER Mystery Hunt blog is this: Its all coming down to something, but what? Last night there was very little activity, but tonight there have been a ton of developments, communication with the coordinators, and a general feeling of getting kind of close. From what Ive heard from my secluded area off the infinite, a lot of teams have dropped out due to the sheer insanity of this hunt, and I dont blame them. My team (Death from Above) is still chugging along with help from alums, remote solvers, and dozens of current students. Its a battle, a hunt to find the mystery! Aditi, here are the pictures you asked for: Death From Above at the beginning of the Hunt Here we are pondering our massive, wall-covering puzzle. Its like a command center here. Im trying my hardest to force this puzzle into submission. My workstation as of now, rocking the dual monitors. More to come as I have time. . .

Sustainable Education And Green Campus Design Creating A...

TOPIC: Sustainable Higher Education Development in Turkey through Participation-Empowerment of the Community and Green Campus Design Creating a Marketing Value for the Universities. Sub-topics: 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 2. Sustainable Initiatives/Policies 3. Social Sustainability 4. Sustainable Architecture as Branding 6. Rethinking the Principles of Sustainable Higher Education 1. Sustainable Architecture Definition 1.1. Bruntland, Gro. Our common future: The world commission on environment and development. (1987). In this report, the World Commission on Environment addresses interdependence of nations and marriage of economy and ecology in sustainable development. It suggests social and gender equity, reduction of poverty, redistribution of wealth to be able to formulate basic strategies for environmental conservation in developing and developed countries. This book is the first manifesto and the starting point of many articles and books about sustainability. 1.2. Brown, Becky J., Mark E. Hanson, Diana M. Liverman, and Robert W. Merideth Jr. â€Å"Global Sustainability: Toward Definition.† Environmental Management 11, no. 6 (1987): 713–719. In the article the authors address that sustainability is a word becoming increasingly more popular each day. The definition of this word depends on the context and the discipline in which it is used as well as temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore it is possible to approach it in terms of triple bottom line;Show MoreRelatedStrategic Development and Swot Analysis at the University of Technology, Mauritius.5247 Words   |  21 PagesStrategic development and SWOT analysis at the University of Technology, Mauritius. 1.0 ABSTRACT SWOT analysis is an established method for assisting the formulation of strategy. An application to strategy formulation and its incorporation into the strategic development process at the University of Technology, Mauritius is described. 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Thro ugh the world s largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the beverages at a rate of 1.7 billion servings a day. With an enduring commitment to building sustainable communities, the company is focused on initiatives that reduce its environmental footprint, support active, healthy living, create a safe, inclusive work environment for its associates, and enhance the economic development of the communities whereRead MoreThe New Marketing Myopia7296 Words   |  30 PagesSocial Innovation Centre The New Marketing Myopia _______________ N. Craig SMITH Minette E. DRUMWRIGHT Mary C. GENTILE 2009/08/ISIC Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1336886 The New Marketing Myopia by N. Craig Smith* Minette E. Drumwright ** and Mary C. Gentile *** forthcoming in the Journal of Public Policy Marketing This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network electronic library at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1336886 Read MoreFamous Amos12788 Words   |  52 Pageschocolate cookies, sandwiched cookies and muffins that come in various flavors. Apart from that, it offers customized wrapping services at its specialty stores. Parallel with the goals of its parent company, Famous Amos is focused on achieving sustainable growth through the expansion of its operations. It was identified that Famous Amos practices the differentiation, market penetration and market development strategies. To enter the market, it can select to either export its products or entry through

The Case Study of “Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese...

The Case Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry† Una Hu 1 Why is the profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers relatively poor and their scale relatively small? According to the case, ‘stagnation in sales along with the steady increase of costs over time has reduced the profitability of both large chains and small stores’ (Peng 2009, p. 391). There are several reasons that results in the relatively poor profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers and their small scale. Firstly, the Saihan system, i.e. Resale Price Maintenance, is the most important factor. The system’s price-fixing policy rules out the price competition (Peng 2009, p. 390), which would be a normal competitive†¦show more content†¦387-395). The large number of bookstores is competing with each other for similar products with similar price. In addition, the Japanese retail bookselling industry has already become an oversaturated market nowadays (Peng 2009, p. 391). Therefore, the rivalry among retail bookstores becomes fairly intense under this circumstance. Also, it is almost certain that potential new entrants can be threatening, owing to the weak competitive power of existing bookstores, to be more specific, their small scale (Peng 2009, pp. 387), i.e. little economies of scale (Peng 2009, p. 37), the lack of uniqueness in their products with similar price (Peng 2009, pp. 390), i.e. shortage of non-scale-based advantages (Peng 2009, p. 37). In addition, the scarcity of entry barriers set by the Japanese government is another factor (Higuchi 2007). ‘Entry barriers are advantages that incumbents have relative to new entrants.’ (Porter 2008) Additionally, the number of publishers and wholesalers is relatively small compared with the bookstores. Therefore, these distributors have high bargaining power, i.e. they have the choice to favor larger book retailers over small ones because of the Consignment Sale System, i.e. they can obtain higher profit due to larger retailer’s lower return rate (Peng 2009, pp. 388-389). Moreover,Show MoreRelatedCase Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry†2008 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study of â€Å"Bookoff, Amazon Japan, and the Japanese Retail Bookselling Industry† 1. The reasons for the profitability of large Japanese retail booksellers relatively poor and their scale relatively small. One reason for this is that there is no significant industry consolidation has occurred, so there is no dominant bookseller, because there is a unique formal institution which is price-fixing system that makes it illegal for larger and potentially more efficient competitors to use price competition

Peer pressure †underage drinking Free Essays

Peer pressure into underage drinking Proposal Statement: Does peer pressure play a role in the reason for underage teenagers drink alcohol? Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that peer pressure does affect the choice of an underage teenager to drink alcohol. Teenagers who are under the Influence of alcohol can experience negative affects, such as sexual behavior, Including unwanted, unintended, and unprotected sexual activity heavy drinking later In life. Research Methodology: My research methodology that I want to use, to help my with my research. We will write a custom essay sample on Peer pressure – underage drinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is a questionnaire. My questionnaire will included up to 10-15 questions on peer pressure into underage drinking will focus on the ages of 15 17. I will be asking boys girls a variety of questions find out what they think of underage drinking if peer pressure plays a role in underage drinking. With using a questionnaire I hope to find gather information that will help answer my proposal statement. Secondary Sources: I have searched the Internet have come across a number of websites that have provided me with the information I need. How to cite Peer pressure – underage drinking, Papers

Effects of Bullying free essay sample

The victim is perceived by the bullies to be weak and unable to defend his or her self. The victim feels as if he or she cannot retaliate to the aggressive behaviors and senses the bullies to be more powerful. There are many reasons why children bully other children. Typically it starts at home. In Jenney Cheevers article online she states, Children who lack adult supervision or who are abused at home are more likely to become bullies. If a child comes from an unaffectionate or inefficiently supervised home, he or she is more likely to become a ully. Children whom have been abused or neglected are also more likely to push others around. Other reasons for bullying include having low self-esteem/self- confidence, or having a need to feel dominant and powerful. There are four main types of bullying on school-aged children. The first is physical, which includes physical violence and destruction of property. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of bullying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Next is verbal, this is the most common type of bullying, which includes any type of verbal harassment like name-calling, insults, sexual, homophobic, or racial remarks, or abusive language. An online database for bullying states Verbal bullying is the most frequent from of bullying, and can involve negative language that is sexual in nature Sometimes, refers to another persons actual or perceived sexual orientation (Teenage Bullying). The third form of bullying is cyber bullying, which is becoming more common now that the majority of school-aged kids use cell phones and the internet. Last, but definitely not least, there is emotional bullying. This includes taunting and rumor spreading. All of these types of bullying can have long-term lasting effects on children. No one type is less serious or less harmful than another. There are many different effects that bullying can have on children. Social isolation is a major problem in kids today. If children are bullied for any period of time, it can make them feel small and insecure in themselves, which can have a negative effect on the way they interact socially. Dr. Mark Dombeck states in his article at Mental Help Bullying is an attempt to instill fear and self-loathing Being the repetitive target of bullying damages your ability to view yourself as a desirable, capable and effective individual (Dombeck). Bullying can set children up for life-long helplessness and depression by making them feel like they are not good enough, and that they cannot defend themselves. Bullying may also lead to suicide in teenagers who fall into deep depression and feel like they have no friend in the world. Bullying is a form of abuse, and is also a narcissistic act. Dombeck states

Vancouver and Riyadh An Examination

Introduction There has always been a startling contrast between the transportation systems of developed and developing countries with the former usually having well planned, modernized and efficient methods of transportation while the latter is usually considered mired in bureaucratic entanglements, inefficiency and a lack of sufficient urban planning that transport systems are seemingly added on as an afterthought to a city’s creation. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such contrasting natures can be seen in the case of Riyadh and Vancouver wherein both cities exemplify the differences in urban planning and transportation development between developed and developing countries and as such make an interesting case to observe whether any similarities in transport systems exist despite the inherent differences between the two. Air Transport One of the first major similarities between Vancouver and Riyadh is that both cities have major airports situated â€Å"relatively† close by with Vancouver International Airport located 12 km from the downtown district of the city while Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport is located 35 km away. On average the King Khalid International Airport handles 15 million passengers a year while Vancouver International Airport handles 17 million a year, this shows a relatively close similarity in the sheer amount of people that pass through both cities on a yearly basis and is a good starting point in order to determine whether other similarities between these two diverse locations. Before proceeding any further, it is necessary to bring up the fact that due to Vancouver’s proximity to large bodies of water the city does have an alternate method of air transport in the form of planes that can land and take off from the water (Boyle, Haggerty, 2011). Though such planes are not as well used now as they were before, they still constitute one aspect of Vancouver’s transportation system and truly sets it apart from Riyadh due to the fact that such planes are not used at all within this city due to its proximity to one of the largest deserts on the planet. Rail Transport Systems The main difference between the two cities in terms of transportation capacity is the fact that Vancouver has several light rail transport systems meant to offset traffic and make it easier for people to move from one part of the city to another. Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These transport systems are composed of the Sky train, the West Coast Commuter Express, the Expo line, the Millennium line and the Canada line, all of which service millions of commuters a day. It must also be noted that the Sky train transport system actually goes all the way to Vancouver I nternational Airport which makes it all the more easier to travel for travelers to reach the city at a quick pace (Boyle, Haggerty, 2011). In comparison, Riyadh is relatively lacking in terms of a sufficiently capable mass light rail transport system within its transportation system with only a traditional mass rail line operated by the Saudi Railway Authority being the only comparatively close system that is even â€Å"similar† to the rail transport systems Vancouver has at the present. It must be noted though that there are currently plans to build the Riyadh Light Transit Railway (LTR) in order to service various parts of the city, unfortunately this particular plan has suffered considerable setbacks in the form of bureaucratic entanglements to the extent that despite being announced two to three years ago the basic foundations for the light rail transport system have yet to even be established (Gcc Meet To Discuss Railways Network, 2007). Arteries of Transportation It is quite interesting to note that despite the fact that Vancouver has a more efficient system of public transportation and urban planning it lags behind Riyadh in terms of the sheer amount of highways that service the city. At the present, Riyadh is serviced by the Eastern Ring road (which connect the southern and northern parts of the city), the Northern Ring Road (this connects the eastern and western halves of the city), while the King Fahd road goes entirely through the center of the city and connects its north and south end. It must also be noted that the Makkah road which is situated parallel to the Eastern Ring Road connects various aspects of the city’s financial and diplomatic district with other sections within the eastern half of the city. Vancouver on the other hand merely has Highway 1 as its primary highway transport artery and is situated near the north-eastern half of the city. Explaining the Difference The main reason why there is such a strange disparity b etween the cases of Riyadh and Vancouver in terms of the number of highways that service the city is due to divergence in focus between the two. In the case of Vancouver, local city councils and urban planners in the 1960s-1970s focused on the development of long term plans which espoused mass transportation systems and easy methods of commuting rather than place an emphasis on the use of cars as a the primary method of transportation within the city. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This particular train of thought continued to carry over in successive councils which was further influenced by the â€Å"green movement† within various western countries which led towards the promotion of clean transportation systems and less reliance on gas guzzling vehicles. As a result, despite Vancouver’s increasing population rates the city ha s actually experienced a 7% decline in car usage ever since the early half of the 1990s. This particular emphasis on mass transportation and â€Å"green living† has also manifested itself in the form of stricter rules and regulations on the use of cars which is meant to encourage commuting rather than driving. On the other end of the spectrum, Saudi Arabia due its status as an oil exporting country has relatively low local fuel costs as compared to that of other countries (Saudi Arabia, 1999). With no limits on personal car ownership (so long as you can afford it) this has encouraged the use of cars as the primary method of transportation within the city of Riyadh. Unfortunately, this has brought with it a host of various problems such as increasing numbers of traffic jams, delays in commuting, and the proliferation of lung related diseases as a result of the sheer amount of carbon dioxide emissions. It must also be noted that there is a distinct lack of environmental owner ship within the case of Riyadh and as such it is unlikely that any method of urban transportation and development which focuses on â€Å"green living† will be developed any time soon. Buses and Taxis Aside from owning your own car, taxis and buses are the primary method of transportation within Riyadh with most people opting to use a taxi whenever possible due to the relatively poor conditions of the public bus system and the fact that several of the buses are at times not air conditioned at all (a relatively troublesome factor given that that Riyadh is for all intents and purposes located within the center of a desert). Vancouver on the other hand has developed an entirely different set of policies for its internal transportation system with relatively few taxis and Translink being the provider of bus transport related services within the center of the city (Jump in, 2010). Before proceeding it must also be noted that due to its emphasis on clean living, the city has actua lly encouraged the use of various methods of manually powered methods of transportation (i.e. biking or walking) as a means of reducing environmental pollution and encouraging people to live healthier lifestyles. This has been generally well accepted by member of the local community and continues to be a favored method of transportation within the city. Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be noted though that the one reason why such a policy system would not work in the case of Riyadh is due to the fact that the extreme temperatures of the city (which can reach 40 degrees Celsius or more) dissuades alternative methods of transportation given the fact that the temperatures alone are not conducive towards manually powered transportation schemes. Water transport systems Proximity to a large body of fresh water, this is the main difference between the two cities and is defining factor of this section which explores the water transportation mechanisms within Vancouver which are all but absent in the case of Riyadh. Presently, the city is serviced by two ferry terminals located at Horseshoe Bay (which is to the west of Vancouver) while the other is located further south in the Tsawwassen area. On average these ferries transport people and various types of cargo from area of Vancouver at a relatively affordable rate. Though slow, this classic method of transportati on does go through the â€Å"scenic† route which showcases the beauty of the local area. Considering the fact that Riyadh has no water transport methods that can transport goods in between areas of the city, this in effect is one of the main divergences between the two. Conclusion Based on the various facts presented, it can be seen that while there are â€Å"slight† similarities in the transportation systems utilized between Vancouver and Riyadh, there are more inherent differences between the two. Various reasons behind this divergence stem from either the different local environment (where Vancouver is definitely colder than Riyadh and has a different regional ecosystem all to together) to variances in the way in which local government units view the necessity of mass transportation systems and the implementation of â€Å"green technologies† as a means of combating pollution. It must also be noted that since Saudi Arabia is an oil rich nation with gas price s being relatively low, this enables people who live within Riyadh to affordably utilize their cars at all hours of the day which is in direct contrast to the relatively high price of gas within Vancouver. On the other hand, based on the data that has been shown it can be seen that the transportation systems inherent within a city are direct reflects of the quality of life within the area with people living in Vancouver having a far cleaner and healthier way of living due to the lack of pollutants in the air as compared to their counterparts within Riyadh. Reference List Boyle, P., Haggerty, K. D. (2011). Civil Cities and Urban Governance: Regulating Disorder for the Vancouver Winter Olympics. Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.), 48(15), 3185-3201. Gcc Meet To Discuss Railways Network. (2007). Arabia 2000. Jump in. (2010). Weekly Reader News – Senior, 88(16), 4. Saudi Arabia. (1999). MEED: Middle East Economic Digest, 43(11), 30. This essay on Vancouver and Riyadh: An Examination was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pearl Harbor - Brief Look Essays - World War II, Modern History

Pearl Harbor - Brief Look Essays - World War II, Modern History Pearl Harbor - Brief Look On December 7, 1941 the U.S. troops stationed on the island of Pearl Harbor were not waken up by the familiar sound of a bugle but instead by gunfire and explosions. This is what it might have been like if you were one of the troops at Pearl Harbor. This attack was important because it led to other events in World War II. Some of these events were America's involvement in the war and the dropping of the Atom Bomb at Hiroshima. Between the years of 1920 and 1940 dictators came to power in Germany, Italy, and Japan. The first country to have a dictatorship was Italy. Thier dictator was Benito Mussolini. He became dictator in 1922. Mussolini organized and founded the Fascist party before he became dictator. After thier loss in World War I Germany had severe problems with thier economy. Adolf Hitler and his political party the Nazis promised they would end Germanies problems if Hitler became dictator. The Germans made Hitler thier dictator in 1933. Italy and Germany decided to become allies in 1939. They called themselves the Axis Powers. Japan joined the Axis Powers in 1940. The emperor of Japan at the present time was Emperor Hirohito. After he joined with the Axis Powers he started taking over countries, cities, and island in and around Japan that belonged to countries who opposed the Axis Powers. Joseph Stalin, the ruler of Russia at the present time, sided with Hitler until Hitler double crossed him and tried to take over Russia. After the double cross Stalin decided to side with the Allies. The Allies were the countries that were opposed to the Axis Powers. These countries were Britain, France, the U.S.A., and Russia. The three leaders of the Allied Powers were Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president of the U.S.A., Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Britain, and Joseph Stalin. After World War II started Japan grew angry with the U.S.A. because they were helping China by sending them war supplies. Japan didn't like this because China was the main target of Japanese attacks. As a result of this Japan decided to take a "peace" trip to the U.S.A. . They made the trip in November of 1941. During this "peace" trip Japan made three proposals to the government. These proposals were, to stop aiding China, to stay out of Asian affairs, and to begin shipping oil to Japan right away or Japan would attack the U.S.A. . President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the government of the United States didn't carry out these proposals. As a result of this Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7, 1941 at 7:55 AM. The reason they attacked that early was because Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, the person in control of the Japanese warships in that area, knew most of the troops at Pearl Harbor would be asleep. The main planes Japan used for the attack were bombers. The number of bombers used was 350. Six aircraft carriers are what these planes were carried on. They chose to use bombers because thier primary objective was to destroy as many ships as possible. They did have one squadron of fighter planes in each wave, however. The reason they did this was because Yamamoto predicted that the troops at Pearl Harbor would be able to a launch a few planes. There were two waves of planes. The first wave of planes were to destroy as many capital ships as possible. Capital ships are ships that are powerful. The planes that were still up and running after the first wave were to join in the second wave. The second wave of planes were to destroy whatever was left after the first wave of planes finished thier mission. These were mostly carrier ships and submarines that were surfaced. During this attack exactly ten major command ships were destroyed. Some of the ships that were destroyed were the U.S.S. Arizona, the Pennsylvania, the Maryland, and the West Virginia. The major results off the bombing of Pearl Harbor were the involvement of the United States in World War II. The second major result was the dropping of the Atom Bomb at Hiroshima in Japan. Harry S. Truman was the president

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

English - Essay Example The current political system discourages all people from participating, especially Arab Americans. The system has become unsustainable and there is need to reform American foreign policy. There is need to develop a foreign policy that seeks to establish peace rather than perpetuate war, especially in the Arab world. Practically, all Americans are included in the American Dream. Exclusion from the dream is a voluntary process where the discontented, particularly some minority groups, can excuse themselves from the Dream. American expects a lot from individual people who pursue the American Dream. In their hard work to succeed, individuals usually contribute to the success of the nation through their contribution to the overall economic welfare of the nation. American art exposes a melancholy tension in the Dream. The work culture that was once characteristic of America is waning as the country strives for new innovations aimed at propelling it a step further as the world’s greatest nation. The features of the American Dream that emphasize wealth, fame and power affect the polity and global image of America by casting an image of a greedy country, that focuses more on its interest and would do all to achieve what benefits it at the expense of other

Microsofts Products, Domination, Development, Innovations Research Paper

Microsofts Products, Domination, Development, Innovations - Research Paper Example There has been a rapid growth in the number of products Microsoft manufacture. Microsoft released its first operating system. (Cusumano, Selby 1995). It became a massive success, after which the company started to develop. Since then Microsoft continued to hold the best position in the industry. After its invention of the operating system, there was a huge expectation form the other companies. Microsoft developed many new software components other than operating systems. The company started to expand its operations and widened its manufacturing area. It introduced software, without which most of the computers will not work today. The essential software was developed by Microsoft. It had developed a website, MSN which is widely being used. (Stross 1996).According to a survey, this website is the second in the list of sites that have been used frequently. Due to its innovative approach, it out beats the other The products of Microsoft are popular because of its simplicity in terms of usage. People find it easier to use and hence it is user-friendly. Microsoft's search engine, MSN is one among the websites that are being used by most of the people. Though there was a tough competition, Microsoft strived hard to become the best software developers. Microsoft is maintaining a dominant position in the software market as their products continue to rule the market in spite of tough competition. Other companies in the software market consider Microsoft as their major competitor. Microsoft started acquiring other firms and developed their operations. As the company's products are famous, the turnover of the company started to increase. One of the major inventions of Microsoft is the Microsoft Office suite. This turned out to be a huge success. (White, Bruton 2007).

The City Of Bath, England

The City Of Bath, England The City of Bath and the beautiful countryside which surrounds it have been described as one of Englands most beautiful places to visit. Bath is situated within the south west of England and is a fabulous city to visit. The population  [1]  of the city is 169,040. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590. The city was founded, among surrounding hills, in the valley of the River Avon around naturally occurring hot springs where the Romans built baths and a temple, giving it the name Aquae Sulis. Much later, it became popular as a spa resort during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone. Bath and its stunning surrounding countryside offers tourists a multitude of fantastic places to visit from stately homes and gardens to the impressive Stonehenge. As City of Bath the city became a World Heritage Site in 1987. The city has a variety of theatres, museums, and other cultural and sporting venues, which have helped to make it a major centre for tourism, with over one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year  [2]  . The city has two universities and several schools and colleges. There is a large service sector and growing information and communication technologies and creative industries, providing employment for the population of Bath and the surrounding area. Source: www.maps.google.co.uk Historical Background: A city which is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, making it the ideal city break destination and Bath is a World Heritage City (UNESCO), featuring the famous Roman Baths Pump Room and simply stunning Georgian period architecture. The history of city came across the different periods started from Roman era. Roman Period: After the Invasion of Britain by Romans in 43 AD, Bath was also occupied by Romans. The worship of Sulis continued in the Roman times. Thats why during Roman period, grand temples, and bathing complexes were built. In the 3rd century, the city was given defensive walls. But with the start of 4th century, the Roman Empire and its urban sprawl declined while the some of the suit of Baths were in use.The Roman Baths Post Roman and Saxon Period: In this period, the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle mentioned the falling of Bath into West Saxons after the battle of Deorham in 577 AD. The name `Bath` came from the Baoum or Baoan given by Anglo-Saxons. By the 9th century, after the Royal possession, the old Roman street pattern had been lost and with King Alfred laid out the town afresh leaving abbey precinct in the south. Norman, Medieval and Tudor Period: By the 15th century, some major churches were badly dilapidated like the abbey Church. After the status of Spa city, the baths were improved and maintained; city began to attract the aristocracy again. Finally in 1590, Bath was granted as city status by Royal Charter. 17th Century Period: In this period, the heath giving properties of the hot mineral waters came to the attention of whole country and the aristocracy also started to partake in them, invented by the Thomas Guidott, a student of chemistry from Wadham College Oxford in 1676. Also he wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there with some inquiries into the nature of water. Old Character of Bath Streets Georgian Period: There had been much rebuilding in the Stuart period, but this was eclipsed by the massive expansion of Bath in Georgian times. The old town within the walls was also largely rebuilt. This was a response to the continuing demand for elegant accommodation for the citys fashionable visitors, for whom Bath had become a pleasure resort as well as a spa. In the early 18th century, the development of first purpose-built theatre, assembly rooms etc came into existence. The use of Sedan Chairs also can be seen into this period by Grand Georgian people (rich people). Victorian Period: In this period, Bath crossed the population of 40020 according to Census 1801 it came into the list of largest cities of Britain. Bath Spa rail station was also built in this period for the Great Western Railway. 20th Century Period: During World War II, Bath faced three air raids, 400 people were killed and more than 19000 buildings were damaged destroyed. Houses in the Royal Crescent, Circus and Paragon were burnt out along with the Assembly Rooms, while part of the south side of Queen Square was destroyed. All have since been reconstructed, and regeneration work is continuing. Since 2000, developments have included the Bath Spa, South Gate and the Bath Western Riverside project. Historically part of the county of Somerset, Bath was made a county borough in 1889 and hence independent of the newly created administrative Somerset county council. Bath became part of Avon when that non-metropolitan county was created in 1974. Since the abolition of Avon in 1996, Bath has been the main centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (BNES). Bath remains, however, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, though not within the administrative non-metropolitan county of Somerset. Spatial Integration of Bath City: The Spatial Integration of the Bath city will also be analysed with the help of city landuse assessment method and the changes in it with time and the spatial planning tools techniques, which are used for the integration of the city will be analysed. The Bath city is now days under a unitary authority Bath North East Somerset Council (BANES or BNES) which was created in 1st April, 1996. The total area under authority is 220 Sq. Miles and city of Bath is the principle settlement in the district. The Former Bath City Council prepared Local plan as a Statutory Local plan in accordance with the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, as amended by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991. The Plan guides development in the City of Bath up to 2001 with the co-ordination of public and private investment decisions. This Local Plan supersedes the Bath City Plan that was adopted by the City Council in June 1990. But after objections, ratifications modifications at different stages, On 12 June 1996 a letter was received by the Council from the Government Office for the South West on behalf of the Secretary of State for the Environment stating that the Bath Local Plan was now in accordance with the Direction which was henceforth lifted. The Council issued its Notice of Adoption of the Bath Local Plan on 20 June 1996. Bath and North East Somerset Council adopted this Plan on 20th June 1996 and it now forms part of the statutory Development Plan for the new Authority. The Plan was, however, progressed through all the formal procedures outlined above by the former City Council, and it has been considered appropriate to retain the text which was the subject of public consultation and examination, including references to the City Council. These references will serve as a reminder that the Policies are applicable only within the City of Bath, but it should be understood that in most instances the Council referred to is that of Bath and North East Somerset. However a High Court Challenge in August 1996 resulted in Bath and North East Somerset Council having to re-adopt the Plan on 19 June 1997. The Bath and North East Somerset (BANES) council prepared a Local plan which is adopted in October 2007; establish a robust policy framework to provide clarity for all those involved in the development process. The Local Plan includes other spatial planning tools techniques like Public consultations, Government Guidance, the Joint Replacement Structure Plan, the Council`s Local Transport Plan the Strategies of the Council (Community Strategy, National and Regional Planning Guidance) and other organisations etc. The Local plan sets out the key objectives for the development of policies in different aspects: Living and Working (Social Inclusion, Resources, Housing, Economy, Urban Rural Areas, Shopping, and Services Leisure), Environmental Assets and Transport Access etc. Housing: Housing Affordability: The Housing section assesses the housing situation of the City of Bath. If we look at the housing scenario of the city, the affordability of housing is least in City of Bath as compared to whole of the district. The following figures represents as: Source: So many people are migrating due to high cost of living in the City of Bath. This is leading to recruitment difficulties and skill shortages which could have a knock-on effect on the local economy. The need for affordable housing (per year) is also much in Bath city as compare to the other areas in the district. The following figures represent it as: Source: The land supply for housing development is also limited in the City of Bath. This places considerable pressure for development both on sites allocated for housing and on other sites in the City to meet the demand for housing. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: In the listed Georgian properties in Bath can resulted in an additional challenges and improvement works due to large number of high risk houses in multiple occupations. Due to the relatively high property values in Bath, the refurbishment of converted buildings often results in higher rents being charged and people are moving off to City of Bath. The problem of decent housing type is also major concern in the private rented sector which is mostly occupied by university students. It includes the Abbey ward in Bath City and Bathavon wards surrounding city. The current and future needs of older residents are generally exceeds then Government funding allocations in housing schemes. Traffic and Transportation: The city of Bath is a small complex city as compared to other cities and it has well defined activities like commercial areas and employment areas. The various sectors of its transportation systems are like parking facilities and public transport services are not only interdependent but all are affected by the other activities and decisions made for them e.g. new developments to meet the housing objectives, conservation of the historic buildings or streets etc. The traffic management system came into force since 1970 rather than building only new roads in the city and at boundaries. The main problem of the City of Bath is the congestion within the city by through traffic because most of the traffic in city has an origin and destination in the city. The following figures show the mode of transport in the City of Bath to travel to work as: The table above represents that the all the residents which are living and working in Bath or outside the city and vice-versa, are mostly dependent upon their own vehicles especially car is the most common mode of travel. But in case of comparison with other area in the district and national level, the figures in following table represents that the residents within Bath are more dependent upon private mode of transport i.e car or on the walk which is much higher as compared to other areas at National level but more interesting point is that the City of Bath has percentage of residents who has no car as compared to other areas and National level. These figures clearly show that the private mode of transport is creating congestion in the City of Bath and through traffic generated by them. Parking and pedestrian safety are also important issues in the City of Bath. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Traffic problems have been a dominant issue in planning for Bath but the development of new major road schemes within the City is no longer seen as a solution. The emphasis now is on careful management of traffic and the integration of policies for use of land in order to make the best use of existing road space and minimise the congestion, pollution and danger caused by vehicles. The road and rail network are at capacity and congestion across the area is a problem in terms of journey times and public transport travel times, a key impediment to maintaining a healthy economy. Congestion is also affecting air quality and in areas of Bath City Centre air pollution has reached levels that are higher than the Government recommended acceptable limits. The lack of parking spaces and their capacity is also an important issue and recent studies have indicated that there is a greater need for pedestrian management schemes, such as improved signing of information etc, and areas given over to pedestrian priority. Heritage Management: The city is internationally known for its Roman and Georgian heritage and archaeology, its culture as a spa that stretches back over two thousand years, the innovative architecture and town planning, and the harmony between the city and the landscape. The city of Bath was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987 for its unique and outstanding universal value for its Historic character. The city is a blend of history and modern life, continually changing, growing and adapting to modern requirements which attracts approximately 3.7 million tourists each year and lies on strategic road rail transport routes. The City of Bath has a close relationship between the success of modern city and heritage due to the wide range of business, industries and regional centre for employment, shopping and entertainment etc. The City of Bath (World Heritage Site) is vulnerable to change and growth with the time, but this is both inevitable and desirable in a living city. There are threats to the fabric and character of the World Heritage Site and its setting, and uncontrolled or inappropriate change in these areas can become a threat to the very values for which Bath is inscribed as a World Heritage Site. So even to tackle these kinds of situations, the local authorities were much concerned about them. They identified various issues related with the World Heritage Site its management etc. But along with these threats and vulnerabilities, the City of Bath has also many opportunities as a World Heritage Site which are helpful in many ways to the City of Bath. To address those threats and vulnerabilities, incorporating opportunities, The BNES and English Heritage prepared a World Heritage Site Management Plan for the City of Bath for the period of 2003-2009. They have identified various issues which are described as: Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Due to the scale and complexity of site, numbers of people are involved in the management, ownership and cultural assets. So its really an important from management point of view which requires the coordination of a large number of disciplines and agencies The protection of World Heritage Site is achieved only through the planning system of plans and designations so for the appropriate protection, and according to World Heritage Site criteria, a appropriate legal system is required because there are number of actions like risk assessment, mitigation awareness campaigns etc which are necessary for the appropriate protection of World Heritage Site. There are number of planning applications involved in the whole process as general due to the complexity of the site and the number of listed buildings. There are number of new developments on the outskirts of the city which may or are degrade the historic fabric of the World Heritage Site which gives an authenticity and outstanding universal values to the site. So there is a need of development controls in and around the city keeping in mind the character of the city. In the recent times, the condition of contemporary architecture is not good with the test of time other physical changes in climate, due to which it doesnt match with the historic architecture of the city. So its more challenging from integration of contemporary design into a historic environment.

Emotion and Thu Interdependence

Sociology: Marriages and Families Final Term Paper Due: April 28, 2011 THU Interdependence and Relationships Chapter Five When you look back at your relationships in the past and when you look at the way you were when you were in those relationships, were you the same? Or did you see yourself change? When someone is in a relationship, I believe, they become different than who they really are. Being in love has such a strong influence on the people, sometimes they get lost. I believe that the strength that an individual has, to not lose sight of himself or herself while in love, describes the interdependence of those partners. Interdependence has a lot of connection with relationships. Therapist John Crosby (text pg 112), talks about the different styles of relationships and how the individuals’ interdependence connects with that style. He distinguished three different types of relationships. First, the A-frame relationship is described as a relationship where the partners have very little independence but a strong identity through the relationship. The individuals in this type of relationship have too much interdependence, and if one grows out the other one will end up falling. The second style is the H-frame relationship. This is when the partners have little or no interdependence. The partners in this type of relationship aren’t emotionally connected with each other and can stand by themselves. Lastly, the M-frame relationship. Crosby describes this relationship style as having the best interdependency. The partners both have individuality yet they bring that support and influence to the other partner. Lehmiller also talks about interdependence and relationships. His article Secret Romantic Relationships talked about his research on how secrecy of a relationship can be harmful and how that affects the interdependency of that individual. Lehmiller states that secrecy of a relationship shows the individual’s low self-esteem and it promotes health risks. I believe a secret relationship has the interdependency like the A-frame relationship that Crosby had talked about. The partners keep the relationship a secret however they can’t seem to let go of the relationship even though secrecy is a harmful health risk. I believe this happens because they rely on each other so much that they lose themselves individually so all they can do is keep that relationship. Another author, Adams, the author of Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relationships, talks about his investigation and what he discovered was that interdependence was linked to the closeness of romantic relationships. He states that no matter what gender you are, the interdependency of an individual is linked to their relationships. Although these three authors talk about interdependence and how it connects with relationships, their views are slightly different as well. Lehmiller describes that interdependency has a lot to do with the certain situation that the partners are in, such as secrecy. Adams talks about how interdependence is influenced by age, the individuals’ social lives, and many more. Lastly, Crosby focuses on how the interdependency influences the different styles of relationships. After reading and comparing the articles, it made me think about how I am influenced and how much I influence my partner when in a relationship. Personally, I liked reading how secrecy of a relationship can be harmful because it was something new. I have never imagined myself having to hide a relationship yet still be together with that partner. It made me think about how relationships really affect people’s emotions and minds. I realized, after reading these articles, that I should be more independent and stronger for myself before I start having a relationship. I don’t want to see myself depending on a relationship and losing my identity. Love is so strong, that you can lose your individuality, yet people always want to be in love or be loved.

The Dim Lighting Company Case Analysis

The Dim Lighting is facing a major decision. They are deciding whether or not to undertake a new project. This project is an extremely costly and time consuming one but on the other hand it may bring great benefits to the company. There are many considerations that are going into the big decision. Jim West is the general manager of the Dim Lighting Company and is thinking over all the ideas and alternatives. There are some problems that deal with the company as a whole. Does the company want to wait until they are â€Å"going down† to think of new innovations? The company knows that they can’t just sit without change. In an ever changing market, a company that wants to be successful must keep up with change. On the other hand, investing in a major project when the company isn’t in the best financial form may not be so beneficial as well. In theory the company may want to react to the situation but in practice they just don’t have the means. There are some problems micro problems with innovation as well. Firstly, it is possible that Spinks has a major influence on the decision because of his autocratic personality. The other managers know that Spinks is a vital member and losing him may really hurt the company. Their decision may be swayed to satisfy Spinks. Another issue on the micro scale is West’s needs for a profitable year. Jim West needs to see the company profitable after a year of slowed profit. This may cause his decision to be biased. There are a few causes that may lead to a change in the company. Firstly is the need for an additional source of income. The company needs to come up with new ways to bring in income and a new innovation look like a great way. Another cause may be the need for new innovation after the same product type has been sold for many years. The workers may be itching for a change and grab the first possible moment. Lastly, the cause for the change may be the overbearing personality of Mr. Spinks. A change like this one can really affect the entire sociotechnical system of a company. Obviously, the technical subsystem of the company would be changed to focus on outputting a new product. In addition, the company currently has a traditional structure if indeed the change does take place the structure will change. As far as the psychosocial subsystem, there are some behavioral problems displayed in the case that can really have a negative effect on the company. The stubbornness of Spinks is just one example of such a behavior. The goals and values of the company and parent company seem to be making income with no need for innovation. The parent company didn’t want to support this change. If the change is made the whole goal of the company will be changes. Lastly, the managerial subsystem will be affected as well. The way the management deals with things will be altered for good. (Brown, 2011) There are some alternative plans that West should consider. Firstly, West should consider a compromise with Spinks and his proposed plans. He can suggest that the project be spread over four years instead of two. He can also tell Spinks that he had to lower the budget a little to make the project feasible. Another option would be to find a private investor. There are people who will invest in new products in the hope of gaining from the profits. If there is a private investor, the company will not make as much profit but at the same time they will save millions on research and development. One last idea, the company can lay out the benefits and pluses of the new product and represent it to the parent company. Perhaps the company will decide to contribute to the funds. There are a few things that should be recommended to West. Firstly, he needs to be very cautious around Spinks. He needs Spinks in the company because of his many attributes. He needs to validate Spinks and be sure to work with him and not against him. Angering Spinks may lead to his resignation, which would be a big loss for the company. West also needs to be told that he needs to think long term. He needs to put aside a one year income improvement and look at the long term picture. I would recommend that West meet with an external practitioner to discuss the issues. The practitioner can talk to all the managers, hear them all out, and then help the company make the best decision possible. An external practitioner is one that comes from a different viewpoint and position of objectivity. ( Zainbooks. com) Lastly, I would suggest that West be sure to do some morale boosting activities during this time. It is a stressful time for all those in the company and West needs to make sure that it has no effect on the employees and managers. Conclusion: This case was a real eye opener for me. I have not been in the business world for long and never at a managerial level. This case showed me how real issues come up and people can be very influential. This case also showed me the importance of consulting a practitioner when issues that are large come up. I also saw the amount of time and consideration that goes into every step that a business takes. It was a great case to display the needs for organizational development in the business world. References: Brown, Donald R. (2011). An Experiential Approach to Organization Development. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. www. Zainbooks.com, The Organization Development Practitioner, http://www.zainbooks.com/books/management/organization-development_10_the-organization-development-practitioner.html, April 4, 2011

Nonspontaneous Reaction

Nonspontaneous Reaction Definition: reaction T P Return to the Chemistry Glossary Index